What is accessibility testing?
Accessibility Testing is a subset of usability testing, and it is performed to ensure that the application being tested is usable by people with disabilities like hearing, color blindness, old age and other disadvantaged groups.
People with disabilities use assistive technology which helps them in operating a software product.
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· Speech RecognitionSoftware - It will convert the
spoken word to text , which serves as input to the computer.
· Screen reader software - Used to read out the
text that is displayed on the screen
· Screen Magnification Software- Used to enlarge
the monitor and make reading easy for vision impaired users.
· Special keyboard made for the users for easy
typing who have motor control difficulties |
Why accessibility Testing?
Reason 1: Cater to market for Disabled People.
About 20% of the population has disability issues.
· 1 in 10 people have a sever disability
· 1 in 2 people over 65 have reduced capabilities
Disabilities include blindness, deaf, handicapped, or any disorders in the body.
A software product can cater to this big market, if it's made disabled friendly. Accessibility issues in software can be resolved if Accessibility Testing is made part of normal testing life cycle.
Reason 2: Abide by Accessibility Legislations
Government agencies all over the world have come out with legalizations, which requires that IT products to be accessible by disabled people.
Following are the legal acts by various governments -
· United States: Americans with Disabilities Act - 1990
· United Kingdom: Disability Discrimination Act - 1995
· Australia: Disability Discrimination Act - 1992
· Ireland : Disability Act of 2005
Accessibility Testing is important to ensure legal compliance.
Reason 3: Avoid Potential Law Suits
In the past,Fortune 500 companies have been sued because their products were not disabled friendly. Here a few prominent cases
· National Federation for the Blind (NFB) vs Amazon (2007)
· Sexton and NFB vs Target (2007)
· NFB Vs AOL settlement (1999)
It's best to create products which support disabled and avoid potential lawsuits.
Which disabilities to support?
Application must support people with disabilities like -
Type of Disability
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Disability Description
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Vision Disability
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· Complete Blindness or Color Blindness or Poor Vision
· Visual problems like visual strobe and flashing effect problems
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Physical Disability
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· Not able to use the mouse or keyboard with one hand.
· Poor motor skills like hand movements and muscle slowness
|
Cognitive disability
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· Learning Difficulties or Poor Memory or not able to
understand more complex scenarios |
Literacy Disability
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· Reading Problems
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Hearing Disability
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· Auditory problems like deafness and hearing impairments
· Cannot able to hear or not able to hear clearly
|
How to do accessibility testing?
Accessibility Testing can be performed in 2 ways, and they are:
1. Manual
2. Automated
Following are the point's needs to be checked for application to be used by all users. This checklist is used for signing off accessibility testing.
1. Whether an application provides keyboard equivalents for all mouse operations and windows?
2. Whether instructions are provided as a part of user documentation or manual? Is it easy to understand and operate the application using the documentation?
3. Whether tabs are ordered logically to ensure smooth navigation?
4. Whether shortcut keys are provided for menus?
5. Whether application supports all operating systems?
6. Whether response time of each screen or page is clearly mentioned so that End Users know how long to wait?
7. Whether all labels are written correctly in the application?
8. Whether color of the application is flexible for all users?
9. Whether images or icons are used appropriately, so it's easily understood by the end users?
10. Whether an application has audio alerts?
11. Whether a user is able to adjust audio or video controls?
12. Whether a user can override default fonts for printing and text displays?
13. Whether user can adjust or disable flashing, rotating or moving displays?
14. Check to ensure that color-coding is never used as the only means of conveying information or indicating an action
15. Whether highlighting is viewable with inverted colors? Testing of color in the application by changing the contrast ratio
16. Whether audio and video related content are properly heard by the disability people ? Test all multimedia pages with no speakers in websites
17. Whether training is provided for users with disabilities that will enable them to become familiar with the software or application?
Accessibility testing may be challenging for testers because they are unfamiliar with disabilities. It is better to work with disabled people who have specific needs to understand their challenges.
Accessibility Automation Tools:
There are various tools available in the market to perform web accessibility testing given below:
aDesigner
This is a tool developed by IBM which simulates the experience of visually impaired individuals so that the designer can better understand the needs of disabled people and develop applications accordingly.
WebAnywhere
This is a browser based tool that works similarly to the screen readers like Jaws. It assists the readers how to read the web page.
Vischeck
This tool is used to simulate how a web page or an image will be viewed by people affected with color-blindness. This can be done by entering URL or uploading images.
Web accessibility toolbar
WAT is an extension of Internet explorer or Opera that offers web page designers with useful features in the analysis of web page. One best feature is GreyScale feature which helps to find low contrast spots in the design.
Myths of Accessibility Testing:
Following are the Myths of Accessibility Testing:
Myth: Creating Accessible website is expensive
Fact: It is not expensive. Take the timeout to think about accessibility issues in the design stage itself along with basic testing .This will save money as well as rework.
Myth: Changing inaccessible websites to accessible website is time consuming and expensive
It is not necessary to incorporate all the changes at one time. Work on basic needs which are most necessary for disabled users.
Myth: Accessibility is plain and boring
Accessibility doesn't mean text only page
You can make web pages attractive, but it should be designed in such a way that it can be accessible by all users. Also as per W3C web content accessibility guidelines - it strongly discourage the use of text only pages.
Myth: Accessibility if for the Blind and Disabled
Fact Following accessibility guidelines improves the overall usability of the software, which helps regular users as well.
Conclusion:
Accessibility testing helps in making your application disabled friendly. If following accessibility guidelines is not possible due to complexity of your web application, build one version of the website for regular users and other for disable
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